Mining Museum in India

With the essence of preserving history of the nation, museums are built to display the artifacts of the old age works. A

rtifacts can be anything from coins, paintings and the display of the objects or the working procedures. India is well known for mining of the gold since first millennium BC. However, there has never been made an effort to build and preserve the artifacts of the age old mining methods in the Kolar Gold Fields to display it to the future generations. While on other side, the coal mining that has started in the year 1774 in India has been artificially reproduced in the Science and Technology museum to remember the history of the nation towards the technological growth.

One of the Science and Technology Museum that incorporates the replica of the mine workings is Birla Industrial and Technological Museum. 

The museum building has a fascinating story in itself from being a luxurious living mansion of Tagore’s to becoming a first science and technological museum of India named after one of the famous business man, G.D. Birla. He contributed the whole mansion towards developing a beautiful science park in the midst of Kolkata, capital city of West Bengal and the then most modern city of India.

The Museum was inaugurated in 1959. While the Mock up coal mine was set up in 1983. While only mining people have the knowledge of underground scenario, it is an interesting model to represent the scenario to the general public. They claim it to be the only kind which has been developed across the country for display to the public.

The model incorporates the coal mining method which represents the people excavating the coal manually and with the help of the machinery such as coal cutting machines. The illumination methods inside the deep underground mine have been demonstrated to the people before the era of electric lamps. The air flow in the model has also been setup using fans to recognize the efforts towards the ventilation in the mining scenario to direct the fresh air in the working areas. They have also incorporated the support systems used in the mine to support the roof from falls.

Museum people have made up a fantastic effort towards creating a replica of the mine to display it to the general public.

There should be more museums built to show the different types of the mining methods not only in coal but also in metal and display it to the general public. This will not only build up the awareness among the public but also boost the tourism in India. 

What are the different stages of mine life?

                      When a person wants to achieve a goal, he follows a series of steps to meet the specific requirements of the goal. 

                     For an example, let's say for cooking, the first stage includes to find the things to cook such as vegetables, cookery which can be found in supermarkets.The second stage of cooking include the quantity required to cook which needs to bought. The things that are need to be done to vegetables is the third stage which includes cutting, heating the pan. The final stage of cooking is to cook the items and it finishes your goal of cooking. The first three stages are as important as the last stage, but the last stage holds the prime importance as everything depends on its success.

                     A similar story runs around in mining.  First stage is to inspect the locations to find the type of minerals present at that location which is called prospecting. Once the minerals are found, the quantity of the minerals, depth of the deposit and the surroundings of the mineral can be investigated which is known as exploration. To reach the deposit, a pathway needs to be prepared which can be removal of overburden or declines or shafts and crosscuts which is known as development. The most important stage of the mine life is exploitation of the mineral i.e. extraction of the mineral which can be done by several methods. While the cooking has only four stages, mining has fifth stage known as reclamation which is to fill up the area with other material such that there are no pot holes created or to make that useful. 

Prospecting:

                    There are different types of methods to find the potential locations of the minerals such as 

1. Geological methods
2. Geo-chemical methods 
3. Geophysical methods

Geological methods can be used to find the minerals with the help of visual inspection which can be found on the earth surface. 

Geo-chemical methods can be best describes as some plants are grow in abundance at the sites of the certain minerals which makes geologist job easy to make a guess of the minerals according to the surroundings.

Geophysical methods make use of gravitational, seismic, electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic and radiometric methods to find the minerals inside the mother earth. 

Exploration:

               This is the stage where the extents of the mineral are found by drilling and collecting the core logs. The tonnage calculations and the grade determinations are made to estimate the value of the deposit. The feasibility studies are conducted to categorize the mineral into reserves or the future resources which simply means if the mineral can be extracted with the existing technology economically or which is not economically at current state and the up-gradation of the technology can make the extraction of the mineral economical.

Development:

               Development depends on the depth of the mineral deposits which may be characterized as the near the earth surface deposits and the deeply buried mineral deposits that are characterized based upon the value of the mineral. 

For near surface mineral deposit, the overburden rock/soil  is stripped covering the deposit to gain access for exploitation of the mineral which become the surface mining methods. 

For deeply buried mineral deposits. the openings are excavated such as shafts, declines, adits, inclines to reach the deeply buried deposits to prepare for underground mining methods.

Exploitation:

              Prime important stage of mining is started when enough development is done to ensure that production once started continues uninterrupted. The development goes on in succession with the production. There are different mining methods used to exploit a mineral from the mother earth. The mining methods are dependent on the type, depth and extent of the mineral deposit. Safety, technology, environmental concerns and economics ultimately derive the selection of the mining method. On a broad scale, the mining methods are classified into

1. Surface Mining Methods
2. Underground Mining Methods

Reclamation:

            The reclamation of the mine site is of paramount importance. The plans of the reclamation should be submitted before the development of the mine is started which ensure the goal of sustainability. The planned works during the reclamation process are to restore the land surface and make the plantations on that area to make it habitable and monitor the water quality through the years. The old mine sites have been converted into national parks, golf courses. lakes, underground storage facilities, solid waste disposal areas and others which benefits the society in one form or the other. 

                      

                  This is a cyclic process, the available land is prospected, explored, mined and reclaimed. 

Picture Sources:

911metallurgist.com

evancollis.com.au

miningglobal.com

uky.edu

technology.infomine.com

Which is the deepest mine in India?

                    Mining is all about who well you can dig and how deep you can dig to get the desired mineral. In the process, India have also evolved to innovate methods to dig deep and have constructed one of the world's deepest mines.

Deepest mine in India (Non functional):

Kolar Gold Fields

Owned by Bharat Gold Mines Limited BGML (now closed) 

Depth - 3200 meters (10500 feet)

Mineral - Gold 

Currently not operating

Will be resuming the operations in near future. 

Initially extracted as Open Pit Mines and later developed into underground mines and has been one of the deepest mines in the world. 

Deepest Mine in India (Operational): 

Jaduguda Uranium Mine

Owned by Uranium Corporation India Limited (UCIL)

Depth - 914.4 m (3000 feet)

Mineral - Uranium 

One of the oldest uranium mine. 

Richest grade of uranium is found in Jaduguda

Horizontal Cut and fill mining Method with backfill  

IN FUTURE,

Deepest mines in India:

Sindesar Khurd Mine

Owned by Hindustan Zinc Limited (Subsidiary of Vedanta Resources Plc.)

Depth - 1050 m (3450 feet)

Mineral - Zinc and lead concentrates 

By product - Silver

Currently not yet producing at that depth, shift sinking in process.

Blast Hole Open Stoping with paste fill

Rampura Agucha Mine

Owned by Hindustan Zinc Limited (Subsidiary of Vedanta Resources Plc.)

Depth - 950 m (3120 feet)

Mineral - Zinc and lead concentrates 

Simultaneous Open cast and Underground mining operations

Underground operations are still in development stage

Long hole open stoping with pastefill

Deepest Underground Coal Mine:

Chinakuri Coal Mine

Owned by Eastern Coalfield Limited (Subsidiary of Coal India Limited)

Depth - 700 m (2300 feet)

First coal mine in India 

Non Functional (Stopped after an explosion)

Bord and Pillar Mining Method

Surface and Underground Mining Methods

In different parts of the world, people have their own style of eating such as Chinese eat with chopsticks, Indians eat with their hands, western people eat with spoon, fork and knife. While God knows how these people manage with three; rather than eating focusing on spoons for eating. While this goes true for mining too. Different parts of the world has different types of conditions in which a mineral is found and which led to adopting of different types of mining methods.

These mining methods can be broadly divided into two: 

1. Surface mining methods
2. Underground mining methods 

Child digs a pit to hide his belongings, so does the mining engineer digs a pit to extract the coal out of the mother earth. Extracting the coal from surface by removal of overburden are known as surface mining methods. Mining methods are specifically dependent on the type of the mineral to be extracted which can be classified into soft rocks and hard rocks. The soft rocks include coal, limestone, oilshale and other sedimentary rocks while the hard rocks include gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, lead, tin and other igneous rocks. Following are the surface mining methods which are commonly used in extraction of a mineral are:

1. Strip mining
2. Open pit mining
3. Open cast mining
4. Mountain removal technique
5. Quarries
6. Highwall mining (Auger mining)
7. Placer mining
8. Solution mining

The minerals which are deep inside the mother earth are not feasible to be extracted by surface mining methods. There are numrerous underground mining methods which can be broadly divide into underground mining in soft rock and Underground mining in hard rock.

Following are the commonly used mining methods in soft rock mines:

1. Room/Bord and Pillar Mining
2. Longwall Mining
3. Shortwall Mining

There exist special type of mining methods depending on the specifications of the site which are:

1. Plowing mining in thin seams.
2. High pressure water jet mining.
3. Blasting gallery method for thick seams.
4. Longwall top coal caving method in thick seams.
5. Multislicing mining method in thick seams.
6. Cut and fill mining method in steep seams.
7. Sublevel caving method in steep seams.
8. Scraper assisted chamber method for moderately dipping seams. 
9. Short longwall method for extraction of standing pillars. 

The underground mining methods in the hard rock mines include:

1. Room and Pillar Mining
2. Post Room and Pillar Mining
3. Step Room and Pillar Mining
4. Shrinkage stoping
5. Sublevel Open stopping
6. Bighole Open stopping
7. Vertical Crater Retreat mining
8. Cut and fill mining (overhand/underhand)
9. Longwall mining
10. Sublevel caving 
11. Block caving
12. Vein Mining (Resuing)

These are the mining methods which are widely used throughout the world. Hope to describe these methods one by one in the upcoming posts. Good luck.

Should you opt M.S or M.Eng in Mining?

                  In the mindset of the every student, there exists a very bold aspiration, to pursue masters in the international universities. However, every student doesn't have a clear understanding between M.Sc. and M.Eng. While I have a little knowledge about how this influences in other streams of engineering but I can assure it matters a lot in mining stream.

             You can think what's a big deal if a student applies for M.Eng. or M.Sc. as they both represent the masters degree. The master's degree you choose has a totally different influence in your career and on your mindset. Then what is the difference between them?? 

By definition:

Master of Engineering (M.Eng.) can be either an academic and professional master's degree in the field of engineering. 

Master of Science (M.S. or M.Sc.) is granted for studies in engineering focused on the growth and improvement of the subject.

                  The students are not fond of definitions which make them more confused towards these things. Let me help you to describe a little more about these in a non professional way.

                  Master of Engineering is a degree for those who are interested to increase their knowledge in technical aspects of the subject and will be joining the industry after their graduation. In this program, the time of graduation can go from one and half year to that of two years depends on completion of the technical courses. In some universities, there is a clause to completion of program which include to present a technical paper. While in some other universities, student should undertake internship and present a technical report about the internship for graduation. This program is totally oriented towards preparing a graduate towards a professional career path i.e. towards an industry. 

               Master of Science is a degree for those who are interested in research. Research means performing experiments to develop something new such that it helps the industry in one form or the other. In this program, you will be allocated a project to develop the experiments and perform it under the guidance of a professor and complete a thesis on the performed experiments and findings. The time frame of the graduation depends on the completion of  the thesis which may take up to two to three years. Especially, this program is for those who are interested in pursuing Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) while the M.Eng. students cannot pursue PhD. The career options for this program can lead to industrial jobs especially in Research and Development (R&D) sector of the industry / Scientist / Professor. 

                   Opting a degree, can make you focus towards your future aspirations. Both the degrees are focused towards the professional career path in their respective manner, now it depends on the students whether they want to pursue masters by research i.e. M.Sc. or M.Eng. which is professional masters degree.

               There is a saying "No pain No gain". The real deal in the M.Sc. program is to find something new and presenting the findings in the form of publications and to find the right career forward. While that in M.Eng. program is to create a network inside the industries to obtain a position in the industry. 

                           

                       Hoping the prospective students will choose their degree wisely and wishing the students all the very best for their future.  

Picture Sources:

theprideconsultants.com

cornell.edu

Which Mine Planning software is extensively used in India?

                   In the past two decades, the dependence of human life on computers is increased drastically. The applications of storing data and re utilizing the data whenever needed has made it much easier than in the log books. In the present time, the computers are being used in every industry and has become a important part of the human life. Mining Industry, like all other industries is increasingly progressing towards the usage of computers not only in storing the data but also in planning the whole mine.

          The significant increase in storage capacity and the processing speeds made the mining industry to rely on computer applications to carry out the designs, monitoring of the designs, scheduling of the operations with large amounts of data storage and retrieval. The various planning software's that are being used in the mining industry are:

1) Mine 2-4D and CADSMine software

                Once known as Graphic Mining Solutions International (GMSI) has developed and Mine 2-4D and CADSMine software which was then changed the company name to Mine RP. This company has been recently launched and found to be acquired by RungePincockMineraco. Mine2-4D software is used only for planning while the CADSMine Software can be used for range of works which include geological modelling to mine rehabilitation designs.
       
2) XPAC software

                 Software is developed by RungePincockMineraco can be used for planning and scheduling of open cast and underground coal mines and only open cast metal mines.

3) SURPAC and MINEX software

              Gemcom now owned by Geovia developed these softwares. SURPAC is mainly used for geological modelling of the ore bodies and designing open cast and underground metal mines. Whereas MINEX is a coal mining software which is used for geological models and mine planning of coal and other stratified ore bodies such as limestone. These softwares can support from exploration to the mine rehabilitation designs in their respective fields.

4) VULCAN software

                Maptek Vulcan can be used in all the mining scenarios i.e. coal, metal and quarries which may be open cast or underground. This software can also be used for creating geological models and then for planning to mine rehabilitation designs. This software is available in packages which can be available according to the mining scenario.

5) Hexagon's Minesight software
                     
                 Minesight took life in a small consulting company named Mintec which provides planning tools for opencast and underground operations. This software can be used from feasibility studies to daily mine operations planning which also includes long term planning and short term planning.
  

6) Minemax Software

           Minemax software named after the name of the company will be completing its 20th anniversary next year which provides planning tools in geological modelling and planning of open pit mines.

7) Carlson Software
                Carlson Mining software is extensively used in United States coal mines which provides tools for geology, surface mining and underground mining and also assist in other stratified deposits.

8)Datamine

                  Datamine is a software which is used to improvise the mine plans in accordance to the geotechnical difficulties present in the area.

There may be many existing mine planning softwares throughout the global. These ate the few that gained popularity throughout the years and are being used in large number of mines.

The big question which remains unanswered is that which mine planning software is extensively used in India?

SURPAC and MINEX are the softwares that are being extensively used in India and in the World.

While the South African Market uses a different software which is recently acquired by the RPMglobal i.e Mine2-4D software. The market share of planning softwares in the South Africa is shown in the figure.

Sources
http://www.infomine.com/publications/docs/InternationalMining/Chadwick2007s.pdf
http://www.saimm.co.za/Journal/v113n06p497.pdf

Gold Reserves in India

As the saying "Every person has their own way to look at things." Normal person looks at gold to be a precious metal to buy it as instruments while the chemist looks at it as chemical metal which atomic number 79 and symbolizes gold as Au. The engineer digs deep into the metal and uses it to his own benefits to use it in the electronic while the doctor does the same thing but to use it into the medical facilities to help the people from suffering. The one thing is common in all the prospects of a human it's valuable.

The physical and chemical properties of the gold and its scarcity makes it so valuable. Gold is know to be the most ductile metal. One ounce of gold can be made into a 80 km long thin wire which is also the concept behind making ornaments for which people go crazy. Gold is very good conductor of heat and electricity as it has electric resistivity of 0.022 micro-ohm and thermal conductivity of 310 W m-1. Gold is also very good corrosion resistant metal and doesn't oxidize which makes it to be a noble metal. These characteristics makes gold, one of the most valuable and precious metal on earth.

But wait how much is gold found on earth?

The estimates according to 2014, the gold reserves are estimated to be around 60,000 metric tons of gold. The Australia leads the reserves base by 9,900 metric tons with South Africa having 6000 metric tons of gold. The worldwide production reached 2860 metric tons in 2016 with China contributing it to 14%. The chart shows the gold mining reserves in the top ten countries which makes it 80% of the total gold reserves of the world.

The gold mining reserves in India is estimated up to 491 tonnes. As there is only one mine operational i.e. Hutti Gold mine in Karnataka which produces 3-4 tonnes annually.

Be aware about the difference between gold mining reserves and the gold holding reserves. The gold holding reserves corresponds to the holdings of the central bank of the country in the form of gold. The statistics of these reserves are far different than a person can expect. The normal person would expect the largest mining reserve would have the highest holding reserve While the truth is USA is in the top of the table followed by Germany. India is on the 11th place with 557.7 metric tonnes of reserves in central bank.

The gold holdings in the people of India as ornaments is estimated to be around 20,000 metric tonnes which is double to that of Australian gold mining reserves.

Sources:
thehindubusinessline.com
stasista.com
www.gold.org>download>file

Digital Technology in Mining Industry

A new era "Digital India" initiated by Government of India has given rise to new prospects of research and implementation in various fields. The main objectives of this initiative being availabity of government services by improving the online infrastructure and thereby increasing the internet connectivity throughout nation has developed huge potiential in sensors, telecommunication cables, optical fibers etc.

The specific areas of implementation under Digital India programme have out cornered the basic primary industries such as agriculture and mining. Technological boost in the primary sector can improve the economy significantly which can increase the agricultural output in the national and increase the safety in mining sector.

Can digitization be implemented in mining sector?

Though one of the primary industry, there hasn't been any technological innovations/breakthroughs in the Indian mining sector. The age old process of human labour digging with tools and carrying in the baskets have been diminshed to a large extent. Modernization is slowly being adapted in the Indian mining industry where development in metal mines has been through Jumbos, underground mine trucks while in coal mines by electric shovels, draglines.

The next step would be towards automation where Digital India could serve as a best platform for the mining industry. Few mines are starting to adapt semi automation like remote controlled LHD's in underground metal mines which just feels like enjoying play station game in a real field scenario. Monstrous looking trucks like that of transformers could be the best part of the mining future. Though modernization is kicking up the production, the safety aspects of the working environment remains to be the same.

In the safety point of view, the technology can improve the monitoring standards in the mines. Technology can connect every point in the mine make it a 3D object to access and analyse the conditions in much simpler manner. It can increase the accuracy of the monitoring devices which makes them work efficiently while it may irk the personnels to maintain the standards at the precise levels.

Finally, to conclude with note, Digitization of the mining sector is essential for the growth of the economy and also for the safer working conditions.

Source: www.digitalindia.gov.in

In the process of creating monitoring systems. Wish me luck 

Mining Research Institutions in India

1. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)

           CSIR is a premier industrial R&D organization in India which was formed in 1942. Apart from mining, they also work in the areas of radio and space physics, oceanography, geophysics, chemicals, drugs, genomics, biotechnology, nano technology, aeronautics, instrumentation, environmental engineering and information technology.

           The research areas in mining and minerals that are being focused in CSIR are:

• Briquetting, pelletization and sintering of iron ore fines  
• Column flotation methodologies for various minerals  
• Advanced structural material, electronic materials, nano materials, bio-medical materials 
• Light-weight metals, alloys, ceramics and composites  
• Extraction, material development and manufacturing  
• Biomimetic synthesis  
• Alloy development  
• Materials forming, joining and evaluation

           The head office of CSIR is located in Delhi.

2. Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR)
         
           CIMFR is coalition of two premier coal laboratories (CMRI & CFRI) and is basically a laboratory of CSIR. The research areas are mainly surrounded around coal and are as follows:

• Technology up-gradation
• Mines safety
• Environmental issues
• Equipment utilization
• Clean coal initiative 
• Optimizing slope stability in opencast mines
• Development of coal based value added carbons of varied specification
• Reduce dependence on petroleum feed stock through conversion of coal into synthetic fuel and other chemicals
• Continuation of the national task of resource quality assessment in alliance with coal producing industries
• Perfecting ground control technology for tunneling and underground caverns
• Societal mission
• Alternative energy sources

          CIMFR is located at five locations across the country which are situated at Digwadih, Ranchi, Nagpur, Bilaspur and Roorkee. 

3. Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT)

          IMMT is also a laboratory of CSIR which was setup in 1964 in Bhubaneswar. This research center is mainly focused towards the mineral processing, materials technology, hydro & electro metallurgy, process modelling & instrumentation, colloids & material chemistry, central characterization cell, design & project engineering and environment and sustainability . The research focuses in the field of mineral processing are:

• Evaluation of low grade ores and minerals to develop suitable flow sheets.
• Generation of design data for scale-up
• Development of innovative and new techniques for utilization of complex ores
• Development of processes to recover valuables from wastes and by-products
• Improving the performance of existing plants by suitable modification.
• Energy reduction in unit operation in mineral processing. 
• Environmental pollution studies related to mineral, metallurgical and chemical industries

4. National Institute of Rock Mechanics (NIRM)

           NIRM was established in 1988 under the Ministry of mines, Government of India situated in Bangalore and has been focused on rock engineering to design and development in the field of Mining and Civil construction industry. The main research focus are:

• Site characterization
• Design and Modelling
• Rock Excavation
• Monitoring Services
• Testing Services

5. National Institute of Miners Health (NIMH)

           NIMH was formed by the Ministry of Mines in the year 1989 in accordance to the Occupational Health and hygiene in Mines at Kolar Gold Fields and a new campus in Nagpur. The main focus areas are:

• Airborne respirable dust monitoring
• Heat Stress monitoring
• Vibrations monitoring
• Noise monitoring and mapping
• Illumination 

6. International Center of Excellence in Mining (iCEM)

          iCEM is a new institute has been setup to promote research in the field of safety and automation. The institute is in collaboration with the Government of Gujarat, University of Wollongong Australia, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur and Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University. The major research interests in global front are:

• Technology for mineral processing development
• Rock Mechanics
• Geomatics & Remote Sensing
• Geo-Environment
• Mine Planning & Design
• Surface Mining of Metalliferous Ore
• Safety & Human Factors
• Automation 
• Bulk material handling
• Mine backfilling

7. National Metallurgical laboratory (NML)

          NML is the third oldest laboratory under CSIR situated at Chennai which basically focuses on following areas:

• Mineral Processing
• Extractive Metallurgy
• Surface Engineering
• Applied & Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Engineering
• Materials Evaluation
• Energy and Environment

8. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)

         BARC was found by Dr. Homi Jhangir Bhabha with the help of Sir Dorabji Tata Trust in 1945. This research institution mainly focus on research related to nuclear engineering. The main focus area related to mining in BARC is the Environmental and Radiation monitoring in Uranium Mines.


Comment : I hope there are few more research institutes which I definitely missed. I would appreciate if anyone can elongate this list.

Mining Public Colleges in India

With the growing need for power generation and land  in India with an ever increasing population,it’s about time there are some smart decisions and research in these fields.Though the recent plans for smart sources of power generation i.e solar power are beginning to take place in large scale ,the immediate future of Indian power sector lies with Coal and coal alone.And it is time we take some really good decisions , due consideration to environmental and ecological balance, produce the required amounts of coal.The production targets for each company have been revised accordingly during the just completed fiscal year and it reflects the urgent need for an increase in power generation.

And education is one of the first steps we must look at,people talk about fancy office jobs,living in metropolitan cities ,mining and associate branches are overlooked easily.But with the growing energy needs all we can look up to is some positivity in the influx of student and research activities in these fields.With due consideration to these factors there are already some established institutes catering the needs and the necessary research facilities for mining related activities.

There are very few universities offering Mining Engineering course in India. The universities need scientific base near the university to establish Mining Engineering Department. The scientific base represents the mines surrounding the area. The states containing the major resources for mining are in Jharkhand, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. All the universities offering Mining Engineering have been established in these states.

Government Universities offering B.E, B.Tech and M.Tech degree in Mining Engineering:

1. Indian School of Mines (ISM), Dhanbad
2. Indian Institute of Technology(IIT), Kharagpur
3. Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi
4. National Institute of Technology(NIT), Suratkal
5. National Institute of Technology(NIT), Rourkela
6. National Institute of Technology(NIT), Raipur
7. National Institute of Technology(NIT), Jalandhar
8. Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology(VNIT), Nagpur
9. University of Petroleum and Energy Studies(UPES), Dehradun
10. Bengal Engineering and Science University(BESU), Shibpur
11. Government Engineering College, Bhuj
12. College of Technology and Engineering(CTAE), Udaipur
13. College of Engineering, Guindy
14. Birsa Institute of Technology(BIT), Sindri
15. Mugneeram Bangur Memorial(MBM), Jodhpur
16. Kothagudem School of Mines(KSM), Kothagudem
17. Golden Valley Institute of Technology, Kolar
18. Orissa School of Mining Engineering, Keonjhar.